-+Ions

toc =- valence electrons=

=- how to find valence electron # for representative elements=

=- electron dot structures=

=- octet rule=

=- formation of cations= Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, and Boron group elements lose valence electrons to form positively-charged cations. The Carbon group can either lose valence electrons to form positively-charged cations __or__ gain valence electrons to form negatively-charged anions. media type="youtube" key="M8Z2Leh5QLM" width="425" height="350"

=- formation of anions= • Nonmetal elements (i.e chlorine, and oxygen) gain electrons to form a negatively charged ion called an anion • They have negative electron affinity



• This is a formation of a fluorine anion • Fluorine is a member of group 7A, which have 7 valence electrons In order for fluorine to become a negatively charged ion, it must gain 1 electron to have a full octet.

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=- common anions and their names= Anions, or negative ions, are nonmetals They are on the right hand side of the periodic table Some examples are carbon, nitrogen, selenium, iodine, and sulfur They can turn into carbonate, nitrate, nitride, selenide, iodide, sulfide or sulfate ==